A Follow-up Study Examining Airborne Ambrosia Pollen in the Milan Area in 2014 in Relation to the Accidental Introduction of the Ragweed Leaf Beetle Ophraella Communa

The North American invasive alien Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (common or short ragweed) is considered to be an important weed in agriculture and source of highly allergenic pollen (Smith et al. 2013; Essl et al. 2015 references therein) in many parts of the world, including Europe. The oligophagous leaf beetle Ophraella communa LeSage 1986 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) preferably feeds from A. artemisiifolia, and is successfully used as a biological agent to control this weed in China (Zhou et al. 2014). It can prevent plants from producing seeds and pollen when it kills them before flowering. In 2013, this
beetle was found to have accidentally established in
Southern Switzerland and Northern Italy, with high
incidence and densities in the Milan area Muller Scharer
et al. 2014). The map showing the presence of the beetle has now been updated for 2014 (Fig. 1). We have previously shown, using linear regression models,
that the exceptionally low amounts of airborne
Ambrosia pollen observed in the Milan area in 2013
could not be explained by meteorology in that year.
We therefore suggested that the decrease might be
related to the presence of large numbers of O.
communa (Bonini et al. 2015)