Improving Biocontrol of Black Vine Weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus) With Entomopathogenic Fungi in Growing Media by Incorporating Spent Mushroom Compost

Amending a peat-based growing medium with 10% v/v spent mushroom compost, a source of fungal chitin and other nutrients, prolonged the persistence of entomopathogenic fungi (Metarhizium brunneum Petsch and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin; Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). This resulted in improved efficacy of M. brunneum against black vine weevil, Otiorhynchus sulcatus F. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) larvae compared with using inoculum without spent mushroom compost. B. bassiana only controlled larvae when used in combination with spent mushroom compost (75 ± 7% reduction in live larvae). Mixing entomopathogenic fungal inoculum with spent mushroom compost and growing medium was as effective in controlling black vine weevil larvae as using spent mushroom compost colonised with M. brunneum or B. bassiana in the growing medium (80 ± 12% reduction in live larvae). The former method is preferable since it does not require production and storage of colonised spent mushroom compost, or registration of new substrate formulations of M. brunneum or B. bassiana.