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Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Diabetes

Gomes, A.C., Bueno, Allain ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-8558, Machado de Souza, R.G. and Mota, J.F. (2014) Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Diabetes. Nutrition Journal, 13 (60). pp. 1-13. ISSN Print: 1475-2891 Online: 1475-2891

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Abstract

Diabetes is a condition of multifactorial origin, involving several molecular mechanisms related to the intestinal
microbiota for its development. In type 2 diabetes, receptor activation and recognition by microorganisms from
the intestinal lumen may trigger inflammatory responses, inducing the phosphorylation of serine residues in insulin
receptor substrate-1, reducing insulin sensitivity. In type 1 diabetes, the lowered expression of adhesion proteins
within the intestinal epithelium favours a greater immune response that may result in destruction of pancreatic
β cells by CD8+ T-lymphocytes, and increased expression of interleukin-17, related to autoimmunity. Research in
animal models and humans has hypothesized whether the administration of probiotics may improve the prognosis
of diabetes through modulation of gut microbiota. We have shown in this review that a large body of evidence
suggests probiotics reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as well as increase the expression of
adhesion proteins within the intestinal epithelium, reducing intestinal permeability. Such effects increase insulin sensitivity and reduce autoimmune response. However, further investigations are required to clarify whether the administration of probiotics can be efficiently used for the prevention and management of diabetes.

Item Type: Article
Additional Information:

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Uncontrolled Discrete Keywords: probiotics, diabetes mellitus, gut microbiota, inflammation, insulin resistance, human nutrition
Subjects: Q Science > Q Science (General)
Q Science > QH Natural history > QH301 Biology
Q Science > QP Physiology
Divisions: College of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences > School of Science and the Environment
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Copyright Info: Open Access journal
Depositing User: Tanya Buchanan
Date Deposited: 09 Aug 2016 12:58
Last Modified: 17 Jun 2020 17:12
URI: https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/id/eprint/4763

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